电影理论和电影批评:文化转型与知识分子的角色问题

Film Scholars and Film Critics:Cultural Transformation and the Role of Intellectuals

自1960年代开始逐步确立自身学科身份的美国电影研究,已呈现出日益"书斋化"的倾向,并导致了电影研究和电影创作之间的断裂。而围绕报纸、通俗杂志和网络等新媒体形式构成的电影批评传统,则是美国电影工业中不可或缺的一部分。面对世纪之交因传媒技术飞速发展而出现的文化转型,知识分子只有调适自己的角色和身份,从大众和通俗文化的冷静观察者或价值评判者形变为积极的参与者,才能使自己的知识生产具有社会关联性,并进而对电影创作和电影消费产生影响。

The author argues that film studies in the United States have increasingly become ghettonized, deviating from the rich legacies of Eisenstein and Bazin. In contrast to high theory-oriented film studies, popularly consumed film reviews and comments, first by professional critics and later joined by amateur critics, are an integral part of the American film industry. The latter is also an integral part of what Henry Jenkins calls the ＂participatory culture＂. Facing such a cultural shift, if intellectuals or academics intend to maintain or regain their social relevance, they must transform themselves from an observer and evaluator of popular culture to a direct participant.