明末南京教案在中国教案史研究中的“范式”意义——以南京教案的反教与“破邪”模式为中心

"Paradigm" Significance of Nanjing Religion Case in Late Ming Dynasty in Chinese Religion Case History Studies:With Nanjing Religion Case's Anti-Religion and "De-Heretic" as Center

"南京教案"是中国教案史的首出一案,也是明末最激烈的一次中西冲突。发生在明代万历四十四年(1616年)的这场"南京教案",大致由"朝廷弹劾"、"武力介入"、"士绅动员"三个环节组成。它体现了"官绅一体化"的反教模式,具有中国教案史研究的"范式"意义。"南京教案"所表现的"诬天废祀"、"淫妇女谋不轨"、教堂内"诳世邪术"三种"破邪"范式,是中国文化结构中的一种排异机制被激活的结果。学者们的反教言论,教案爆发,禁教令发出,都是排异机制的重要的组成部分,"南京教案"正是这种排异机制过分活跃而形成的变态反应。"南京教案"所引发的背景很大程度上是文化上的,这一点与鸦片战争后在不平等条约庇护下的洋教士的活动不同,其涉及了中西文化交往中许许多多深刻的原因,并不像以往研究者解释得那么简单。它的运作方式,有进一步深入研究之必要。

The Nanjing religion case is the first one in the history of Chinese religion case. It is also the fiercest oriental-occidental clash in the last years of the Ming Dynasty. This case in the year 1616 embodies an anti-religion pattern of ＂official-gentry unification＂, and has a significance of ＂paradigm＂ in the studies of the history of Chinese religion case. The de-cult paradigms are the results of stimulating a repel mechanism in China＇s cultural structure. Its cultural background involves many deep-going causes in Chinesewestern cultural communication, which is more complicated than the previous interpretations by the researchers, and it is necessary to further study its ways of operation.