生态厕所堆肥种植油菜的肥效试验研究

The Experiment on Fertilizer Effect of Bio-toilet's Compost on Cole Production

通过盆栽试验,研究了生态厕所堆肥对油菜生产、品质及土壤肥力的影响。结果表明,在同一施用水平N∶P2O5∶K2O(1∶0.61∶0.99),与施用化肥相比,施用堆肥能增加油菜的维生素C含量23%～44%,降低硝酸盐含量78%～89%;但降低了光合作用和产量;施用堆肥且能降低土壤pH值,增加土壤有机质,堆肥中大部分为缓效态的磷钾,释放慢,施用化肥的因油菜生长过程中消耗而有效磷钾会降低;施用生态厕所堆肥土壤全盐量(浓度≥0.327%)高时,受盐胁迫严重影响油菜生长;在10g·kg-1营养水平,堆肥与化肥配施既提高油菜品质,又没降低产量,配施利用是堆肥资源化利用中的发展方向。生态厕所堆肥可加工成为无公害蔬菜专用商品肥,是粪便资源化利用的有效途径。

The fertilizer effect of bio-toilet＇s compost on cole production and soil nutrition was studied and compared with that of chemical fertilizer and compost-chemical-integrated fertilizer, in which the same ratio of nutrients of N：P2O5：K2O were set at 1：0.61：0.99 by using pot experiments. It was shown that the content of vitamin C in the cole leaves increased by 23%-44% with the use of the compost, the nitrate contents decreased about 78%-89%, but the photosynthesis and output was reduced. It was revealed that high content of salt （as high as 0.327%） affected the output of cole seriously. At the same time, the contents of available P and K in soils decreased obviously after harvesting with the application of chemical fertilizer. The soil fertility was improved in cases using compost fertilizer. The suitable level of compost- chemical-integrated fertilizer could improve cole quality and output, which is the direction of development of compost resources application. Chemical fertilizer may supply nutrients of vegetal demand with quick result, and compost may supply nutrients continuously and improve vegetal quality. Considering environmental protection and resources reuse, the bio-toilet composting can recycle organic wastes and mitigate the effects of fertilization on the environment, so it could be used specially as the green fertilizer for vegetable.