法制因素与近代开滦煤矿矿难的发生

On the Factors of Legal System and the Occurrence of Calamities in Kailuan Coal Mine in Modern Times

近代开滦煤矿在其生产经营繁荣的背后,却是矿难频发、难以遏止,矿难造成的惨重伤亡更是让人触目惊心。矿业法律和制度是煤矿安全生产的重要保障,但中国近代的法律体系很不健全,法制环境也很不规范,所以并没有形成完整的矿业法规系统。这表现为:一方面,缺少关于矿业安全生产方面的法律制度;另一方面,即使制定了一些矿业法规,也不能全面严格地去执行。因此,无法可依、有法不依是近代煤矿存在重大隐患的首因,也成为导致近代开滦煤矿矿难发生的法制因素。

Behind the prosperous production and management of Kailuan coal mine in modern times, calamities in the coal mine broke out constantly and were hard to keep within limits, which resulted in heavy casualties. The laws and systems in mining can ensure the safe production in coal mines. However, the legal system in modern China was not wholesome, so the integrated legal system of mining was not established. On the one hand, the legal systems of safe production in mining were scarce. On the other hand, some laws and regulations in mining that had been established couldn＇t be executed strictly. Therefore, that kind of situation became the hidden trouble of safe production in coal mines in modern times, and was also the factors of legal system for the calamities in Kailuan coal mine in modern times.