鲁迅对20世纪30年代民族主义文学的评价问题

Lu Xun's Review on Nationalist Literature in 1930s

20世纪30年代,在国内战事连绵、民族危机日益加重的复杂背景下,民族主义文学应运而生。鲁迅在各种场合对民族主义文学予以毫不留情的批判。追溯否定性评价的原因,有阶级论的作用,更有苏联与共产国际的影响,也有左翼与民族主义文学的不同处境所激起的愤懑,以及流派之间的排他性等。今天回顾这段历史,应该努力回到当年的历史现场,认识这些现象的本来面目及其发生的原因与在文学史上的意义,而不应只是以一方的言论作为根据,片面地剪裁历史。

In 1930s, nationalist literature emerged in the complex background of incessent civil war and ever escalating national crisis. Lu Xun criticized the nationalist literature mercilessly on various circumstances. The reason of his negative review is partially the result of social class theory, partially the influence of USSR and Comintern, partially the resentment on the different situation between the Left-Wing and the nationalist literature, and the exclusiveness of different literary schools. The paper maintains that, on retrospect of this period of history, one should not take one-sided reports as the main proof to reconstruct history. Instead, the paper tries to return back to the sites in history to reveal the true nature of the phenomena, the reason of their occurrence, and their significance in literatary history.