新中国犯罪学的创建背景、发展阶段、特点与主要任务

Background,Development Stages,Features and Main Task of Criminology in New China

犯罪学作为一门独立学科在新中国创建,经历了否定、复苏与深化阶段,并逐渐成熟。它既研究犯罪行为,更研究违法和不良行为,认为犯罪是特定社会特有的社会现象,从人的存在去研究人的意识,从而庄严宣告犯罪是可以预防的,人是可以改造的。因此建设学科的理论体系,总结和研究社会主义市场经济条件下预防犯罪的有效途径,完善治理犯罪的方针、政策和法律,建立各种预防犯罪的措施,则成为我国犯罪学研究最为重要的任务。

As an independent science, the establishment of criminology has experienced the stages from being ignored to recovery, deepeness, maturity. It explores not only the criminal activities, but the illegal and harmful behaviors. It argues that crime is the unique social phenomenon in particular society and human being＇s consciousness should be explored from their existence, as a result of which crime can be prevented and human being can be reshaped. In the process of establishing its theoritical system, the most important task is to summarize and explore the effective ways to prevent crime in the background of the socialist market economy, to improve the measures, policies, and laws to control the crime, and to establish various measures to prevent crimes.