从弗思的“遗憾”到中国研究的“余地”

Firth's "Regret" and "Domain Left" for China Studies

从汉学人类学疏离于一般人类学的过程,中印社会科学研究的水平与影响力比较,人类学大师的有关经历与论著,侧面反映了人类学中国研究存在的问题和留下的余地。人类学的中国研究要成为一个有世界意义的"地区类型",就要在学科内部探索人类学知识与"当地思想"的"现实表达"之间的关系。可能是出于对这一关系研究的必要性的深刻意识,人类学大师对中国人类学才产生一个共同期待:文明社会的人类学。但是,海内外中国人类学在此方面的研究,并未达到本应达到的水平。致力于中国研究的人类学若要对世界人类学有所贡献,那就需要"反思地继承"前人成就,探索新的研究方法,对中国历史上的文明、政治文化的历史动态过程、帝国宇宙观展开深入研究。在中国研究中进行有历史基础和关怀的人类学研究,将对世界人类学的理论探讨和当代世界文化关系的处理产生重大影响。

This paper is based on a lecture on the issues of Chinese anthropology and discusses the separation of Chinese anthropology from the general trend of anthropological studies, a comparison of the research differences between China＇s social sciences and India＇s social sciences, the experiences and works of great anthropologists and tries to disclose the existing problems and the domain left for anthropological studies in China. It is pointed out that if anthropological studies on China expect to become a world - significant ＂ local type＂, the focus should be on the relation between the related knowledge within the discipline and the actual expression of local ideas. It is possible that from this very understanding that the great anthropologists have a shared expectation of Chinese anthropology ： anthropology of a civilized society. However, anthropological studies on China either at home or abroad have failed to reach the expected level. If Chinese anthropology expects to make some contribution to anthropological studies in the world, it should reflectively inherit the previous achievements, adopt new research approaches and explore the historical process of Chinese civilization and political culture as well as its world outlook as an empire. It concludes that if anthropological studies on China show a historical concern, they will exert far - reaching influence on the anthropological theories in the world and the proper management of the cultural relations in the contemporary world.