农村沼气开发与温室气体减排

Rural Biogas Development and Greenhouse Gas Emission Mitigation

随着中央和地方政府的大力推动，农村沼气建设在过去的30多年中蓬勃发展。沼气利用不仅为农村节省了大量能源，也减少了温室气体的排放，这对加强农村生态建设与新农村建设有重要意义。在过去15年中，沼气总共提供了2．84×10^7t标准煤的能源量，净壤少温室气体排放量约73 157．59Gg（千吨）二氧化碳当量（C02-eq）．年均减排量为4877Gg,相当于全国总排放量的0．07％-0．16％。因能豫替代而减少的温室气体中，二氧化碳为84243-94Gg，甲烷为3560．01GgC02-eq，氧化亚氮则为260．08GgCO2-eq。预测结果表明：沼气产气量将在2010年与2020年分别达到156亿m^3和385亿m^3，减少的温室气体将分别为29328Gg和79380GqCO2-eq，开发农村沼气是我国应对气候变化的重要措施。

Biogas construction enjoyed a great development in rural China since the central and regional governments systematically popularized household-scale biogas digesters for meeting the nLral energy needs in the 1970s. To reveal the whole role of biogas utilization on nLral energy development and greenhouse gas emission reductions, this study analyzed all types of energy substituted by biogas based on the inventory of energies consumed in residential sector in the past 15 years, and found that biogas had supplied millions of households with 832 749.13 TJ energy and reduced 73 157.59 Gg CO2 equivalents （CO2-eq） of greenhouse gas emissions in total. The greenhouse gas emission reductions were contributed by energy substitution and manure management. The majority of the emission reductions by energy substitution, 84 243.94 Gg, were in the form of CO2, followed by 3560.01 Gg CO2-eq of CH4 and 260.08 Gg CO2 - eq of N20. The results also showed that the total yields of biogas would reach to 15.6 and 38.5 billion m3 in 2010 and 2020, respectively. As the result, GHG emission reductions would reach to 79 380 Gg CO2-eq in 2020.