中国水资源利用效率区域差异分析

Regional Difference of the Efficiency of Water Usage in China

中国水资源问题的核心是利用效率问题。由于区域自然条件、社会经济条件、水资源利用方式等诸多变量的不同,中国水资源利用效率表现出了明显的区域差异特征。研究探讨水资源利用效率区域差异是解决中国水资源短缺问题的一个重要的可能途径,也是建立节水型社会、统筹区域发展、落实科学发展观的基本要求。通过实证研究,我们发现:中国中、西部地区的水资源利用效率收敛趋势明显,而东部地区不存在收敛趋势;经济发达的东部地区水资源利用效率较高,经济欠发达的中、西部地区水资源利用效率较低。导致中国水资源利用效率存在区域差异的最重要因素是地区经济发展水平的差异。对此,需要采取一系列政策措施来缩小这种区域差异状况。

Fore water resourccs, the key problem of China is the efficiency of water usage. Because of different regional natural conditions, social economic conditions and ways of water usage, the efficiency is different. Study on this issue is a possible solution to water problem in China and is also the basic requirement for water-saving economy, regional development as a whole and fulfilling the science development view. Our Empirical results show that the regional difference of the efficiency of water usage in the middle and western part is converged distinctly, but no convergence in the eastern part. The water usage in developed regions is more efficient than that in undeveloped regions. For this, we find that the difference of regional economic developing level is the most significant factor in China. Based on the above results we put forward some policy proposals on the water management.