外商直接投资溢出效应——对江苏和浙江制造业的实证研究

The Spillover Effects of Foreign Direct Investment——A Case Study of Manufacturing Industries in Jiangsu and Zhejiang Province

采用江苏和浙江制造业数据建立计量模型探讨外资企业对内资企业生产效率的影响。统计结果表明,总体而言,江苏和浙江省的外资企业对内资企业存在显著挤出效应;而在浙江省,外资企业对国有企业存在显著的正向溢出效应。外商直接投资进入能够推动内资企业在技术、管理等方面的进步,但同时加剧了市场竞争,可能挤出许多竞争力较弱的国内企业,尤其是民营企业。而国有企业一般规模较大,技术以及资本实力较强,拥有一定的垄断地位并受到政府一定程度的保护,受外资企业的冲击相对较小,相反,能够从外资企业获得更多的正向技术溢出。

Using manufacturing data from Jiangsu and Zhejiang Province, this paper tests spillover effects of foreign direct investments to domestic enterprises. The empirical study shows that there are significant crowding-out effects in both provinces. In Zhejiang Province, there is positive spillover effect of FDI for state-owned firms, while the crowding out effect may occur in Jiangsu Province . FDI can promote the domestic firms in both technology and management, but it may also intensify competition, threatening the growth of domestic firms. This may take place especially when foreign enterprises try to capture a monopolistic position in the domestic market. The state-owned firms are usually larger in size and have more advanced technology than privately-owned domestic enterprises, these advantages in state-owned enterprises may help them to benefit from foreign enterprises.