知识产权何以正当——几种主要的知识产权正当性理论评析

How Intellectual Property Is Justified——A Probe into Major Legal Philosophy of Intellectual Property

洛克的财产权劳动理论赖以建立的前提是虚拟的,其内容也与现代知识产权制度存在诸多不合;卢梭和康德的理论由于承认社会公意在财产权形成过程中的决定性作用,因而能够较好地解释知识产权领域内许多用洛克的理论无法解释的现象,并对当代知识产权立法和执法有着不容忽视的现实指导意义;黑格尔的自由意志论由于不考虑劳动和社会公意在知识产权取得过程中的意义,因而不能作为说明知识产权正当性的合适依据。

Locke＇s labor theory of property is founded on a virtual basis and its contents are incompatible with modern intellectual property systems; Rousseau and Kant＇s theory, recognizing the decisive role of public will in the formation of property rights, better explains phenomenon in intellectual property in which field Locke＇s theory fails, and has unnegligible value in guiding contemporary legislation on and enforcement of intellectual property; Hegel＇s theory of will, owing to its neglect of the importance of labor and public will in the acquisition of intellectual property, cannot serve as an eligible theory to justify intellectual property.