家庭牧场复合生态系统可持续发展评价

Evaluation of Sustainable Development of Compound Ecosystem on the Scale of Household Pasture

基于可持续发展的系统属性细分理论与国内外已有的研究成果,结合家庭牧场复合生态系统特征,构建了可持续发展评价体系与指标集合。采用客观信息熵确定指标权重,利用灰色关联分析(grey re-lational analysis,GRA)对30个家庭牧场进行综合评价,并借鉴数据包络分析(data envelopment analysis,DEA)思想和方法,分析了影响家庭牧场可持续发展的系统属性及其特征。该评价体系适用于小尺度复合生态系统时间维度单样本评价和空间维度多样本比较。行为决策是造成家庭牧场可持续发展水平差异的驱动因素,表现为样本间经济收益与生活水平的分异。不同家庭牧场可持续发展综合评价水平间存在差异,经营规模小不利于可持续发展。可持续发展水平相对较高或较低的家庭牧场,各系统属性发展不均衡,相反,中等可持续发展水平的家庭牧场,各系统属性呈现均衡发展特征。

Based on the theory and current improvements of fundamental orientations of system and coupled with household pasture characteristics, an evaluation system and a set of indicators for sustainable development on the scale of household pasture were put forward. The system attributes and characteristics impacting on the sustainable development were examined by analyzing 30 households in Inner Mongolia in terms of information entropy weighting, grey relational analysis（GRA）, and data envelopment analysis （DEA）. Resuits show that the evaluation system is suitable for both single-sample assessment in temporal dimensionality and the comparison of multi-samples in spatial dimensionality on the small scale. Activities and decisions in economy and live aspects drive household pasture to change the level of sustainable development, which is characterized mainly by economic benefits and the standard of living. The level of sustainable development evaluated for different household pasture is not the same. The suggested grassland area less than 200 hm2 possessed by a household is a disadvantage factor for the sustainable development. System attributes for households with high or low sustainability demonstrate imbalance. However, moderate sustainable households show a balance status for each system attribute.