不同耕作方式下土壤肥力的动态变化

Dynamic changes of soil fertility under different tillage methods

为了研究适应于干旱地区春小麦的栽培技术,在新疆地区,通过田间试验,研究了传统耕作（CT）、秸秆还田（CS）、免耕不覆盖（NT）和免耕覆盖（NTS）4种耕作方式下土壤有机质及速效养分含量的动态变化.结果表明：NTS处理对提高土壤有机质、碱解氮和速效磷养分含量最佳;CS处理主要提高了20-30 cm土层有机质含量,在其余各土层,CS处理的土壤有机质、碱解氮和速效磷养分含量均低于NT处理,但均高于对照CT处理;与CT相比,NTS处理可使0-10 cm、10-20 cm和20-30 cm土层土壤有机质含量提高9.65%-11.72%、12.48%-25.81%和5.17%-23.52%;碱解氮含量提高13.46%-28.48%、2.80%-43.11%和2.56%-33.33%;有效磷含量提高20.59%-40.82%、6.04%-28.61%和4.42%-34.70%.

In order to improve the cultivation technique for spring wheat in arid areas,field experiments were carried out in Xinjiang. The dynamic changes of soil organic matter and available nutrients contents under four different tillage treatments,conventional tillage （CT）,conventional tillage with straw incorpo rated （CS）,no-till with no straw cover（NT） and no-till with straw cover（NTS）,were studied. The results showed that the treatment NTS was the best for increasing the contents of soil organic matter,available N and P;the organic matter content of 20-30 cm soil layer under treatment CS was improved, but in the rest soil layer（0-10 cm,10-20 cm and 20-30 der treatment CS were all lower than those cm）, the contents of soil organic matter, under the treatment NT,while higher th available N and Pun an those of the treat ment CT. Under the treatment of NTS,the soil organic matter content increased by 9.65 %-11.72 %, 12.48 %-25.81% and 5. 17 % -23.52 %,the available N content increased by 13.46 %-28.48 %, 2.80 %-43. 11% and 2. 56 %-33. 33 %,alkali-soluble phosphorus content increased by 20.59 %- 40.82 %,6.04 %-28.61% and 4.42 %-34.70 % at 0-10 cm,10-20 cm and 20-30 cm layer when compare to the CT treatment