从理想实验看道德的终极原则

An Evaluation of the Ultimate Principle of Morality by Ideal Experiments

道德终极标准是任何情况下都应该遵循的道德标准,是道德最终目的之量化:增减每个人的利益总量。这一标准在人们利益发生冲突而不能两全的情况下表现为"最大利益净余额"标准;在人们利益不发生冲突而可以两全情况下表现为"帕累托标准":无害一人地增加利益总量。

As the moral principle that is to be obeyed in any circumstances by any individual, the ultimate principle of morality is defined as the quantization of the ultimate moral motives, and that is, the increase and decrease of every individualg total benefits. In the case that the individual benefit cant be balanced and benefit conflict occurs, this principle manifests as the “net surplus of maximal benefit”. While in the case that individual benefits can be compatible with each other and no conflict occurs, this principle manifests as the “Pareto Standard”, that is, the increase of total benefits without jeopardizing anyone′s benefit.