新疆平原绿洲环境变化与生态维护

Study on the Environmental Change and the Ecological Maintenance in the Plain Oases,Xinjiang

干旱区陆地生态系统的稳定性主要受控于水分因素,绿洲环境变化既相互联系,又互相制约,但都有自身的生态系统特点和对人类服务的功能。对新疆平原地区绿洲环境的变化进行分析发现,人工绿洲扩大和发展、城镇绿洲兴起和开拓、天然绿洲缩小和维护的总趋势。因此,需要在以流域或盆地为单元,以水为纽带并受水资源条件的限制,对流域或盆地内的所有农业绿洲、城镇绿洲和天然绿洲等生态系统与荒漠生态系统进行总体的水资源消耗平衡与生态平衡规划,科学配置水资源,才能维护相互的依存关系,并使各类绿洲得到生态维护。

This paper analyzes the tremendous environmental changes in the plain oases due to human activities, especially the exploitation and utilization of water resources under the arid climatic conditions. These changes include the expansion and development of artificial oases and urban oases, shrinkage of natural oases, etc. Stability of the land ecosystems depends mainly on water factors in inland regions, these considerable changes of oasis environment are not only related to each other, but are also restricted each other, but these ecosystems have their own characteristics and service functions. In order to guarantee the ecological security and the sustainable utilization of water resources and prevent the environmental deterioration in oases, it is necessary to program the budget of general water consumption and ecological balance between water resources and oases for all the oasis ecosystems, such as artificial oases, urban oases and natural oases and all the desert ecosystems by regarding drainage basins or basins as the basic geographical units and considering the local conditions and limitation of water resources. Only by relying on redistributing water resources rationally can the interdependence be maintained and the ecological maintenance of all kinds of oases be achieved. Therefore, it is suggested to implement the water-saving irrigation, return land for farming to forestry and grassplots, satisfy the ecological water consumption, develop the circular economy in urban oases, and reduce the drainage of waste water and wastes so as to alleviate the shortage of industrial and urban water supply and conserve the natural oases.