源于“书写”的权利与技术——令状的司法化与普通法的形成

Rights and Techniques Rooting in "Handwriting":Judicialization of Writs and Formation of Common Law

令状制度(thesystem of writs)是英国普通法历史上最为重要也最具有特色的司法制度,在王室法院适用的司法化令状以及与之紧密相关的具体的诉讼程序,是普通法独特的司法治理赖以存在的程序基础,普通法正是在王室法院适用司法化令状而形成的大量判例中逐渐成长起来的。本文把历史背景定在早期英国法的形成时期,即诺曼征服(1066)至亨利-金雀花时期(1154-1189),通过考察普通法形成初期的历史,阐述令状司法化的进程及其对英国普通法形成的重大影响,从而形成对于普通法和英国式法治传统的独特认识。

The system of writs is one of the most special and important frameworks of English common law. The judicialized writs employed in the Royal Court of Justice and the specific judicial procedures closely associated with the writs are deemed the procedural basis of the unique judicial administration of common law. It is on the decided cases of the Royal Court of Justice where writs were typically used that common law gradually came into being. The formation of English common law began from the Norman Conquest （ 1066 ） to the reign of Henry - Angevin time （1154-1189）. By way of reviewing the formation history of common law, this paper observes the process of the judicalization of writs and the impact it exerted upon the formation of English common law so as to help the audience to have a special understanding of common law and the English-styled rule of law.