日粮能量蛋白水平与云岭山羊繁殖效应研究

Effect of Energy and Protein Level on Diet on Yunling Goat Reproductive Ability

为探索提高云岭山羊繁殖力的营养措施及为制定饲养标准提供基础数据,在马鸣种山羊场选用450只繁殖母羊开展了繁殖母羊配种准备期、妊娠期、哺乳期等能量5水平梯度蛋白和等蛋白5水平梯度能量对山羊繁殖力影响的试验研究。结果表明,云岭山羊放牧饲养仅能获得60%～80%的营养,补饲蛋白饲料可使云岭繁殖母羊第一情期发情率、产羔率、羔羊初生重、3月龄断奶重和成活率比对照提高115.43%,94.56%,17.06%,17.94%和6.26%;补饲能量饲料提高的对应比例为108.60%,99.93%,12.80%,21.49%和6.88%。5水平等能量梯度蛋白饲料组中以蛋3组效果最好,5水平等蛋白梯度能量饲料组中以能9组效果最好。方差分析结果显示,补饲蛋白、能量饲料与对照的体增重、繁殖率差异极显著(P<0.01);蛋3组与蛋1、蛋2组,能9、能8组与能6、能7组的体增重、繁殖率差异显著(P<0.05)。建议对云岭山羊繁殖母羊空怀和妊娠前期、妊娠后期、哺乳期按每天每千克体重供给DCP2.72g,2.86g,3.66g;DE0.37MJ,0.41MJ,0.48MJ的日粮。

The purpose of the present research was to find the nutritional measures of improving productivity of Yunling goat and to offer foundational data for feeding standard. Four hundred and fifty Yunling ewes selected from Maming Goat Breeding Farm were randomly divided into 15 groups, each with 30 ewes, to examine the effect of protein and energy on the reproductive performance of ewes with 5 different levels of protein and energy treatments at mating, pregnant and lactating stage. The results indicated that Yunling goats only gained 60% -80% nutrition by grazing （control group）. However, the rate of mating on the first oetrus cycle, lambing rate, birth weight of lamb, weaning weight and survival rate of 3-month-old groups supplemented with protein feed were increased by 115.43%, 94.56%, 17.06%, 17.94% and 6.26% and the groups supplemented with energy feed were in- creased by 108.60% , 99.93% , 12.80% , 21.49% and 6. 88% , respectively, compared with the control group. In 5 different levels of protein treatment with the same energy feed, group 3 performed the best, while in 5 different levels of energy feed treatment with the same protein, group 9 performed the best. The results of variance analysis （ANOVA） showed that the body weight gain and reproduction rate of the groups supplemented with energy and protein were significantly higher than the control group （P 〈0. 01 ）. The body weight gain and reproduction rate of protein were with significant differ- ence （P〈 0. 05 ） among group 3, 1 and 2 with protein treatment and among group 9, 8, 6 and 7 with energy feed treatment. It was suggested that daily feed ration of digestive crude protein （DCP） require- ment of 2. 72, 2. 86 and 3.66g/lkg body weight and digestive energy （DE） requirement of 0.37, 0. 41 and 0. 48 MJ/1 kg body weight/day should be supplied to Yunning goat ewes at the stage of pre - mating, early and late gestationperiod and lactation.