“不免”“难免”“未免”的语法化

The Grammaticalization of "bu mian"(不免) "nan mian"(难免) "wei mian"(未免)

在广泛考察各个时期语料的基础上，通过研究副词“不免”、“难免”、“未免”的语法化历程及语义特征发现：副词“不免”、“未免”的语法化是通过对“NP＋不／未＋（免＋VP／AP）”的重新分析完成的，但二者进行重新分析的语义基础不同；副词“难免”的语法化则是动词“难免”通过语法隐喻实现的。

Based on the language data collected in different periods, this paper focuses on the study of the grammaticalization process and semantic characteristic of the Chinese adverbs ＂bu mian＂ （不免）＂ nan mian＂ （难免） ＂wei mian＂ （未免）. It concludes that the grammaticalization of ＂bu mian＂ and ＂wei mian＂ is realized by reanalyzing＂NP ＋ 不/未 ＋ （免 ＋ VP/AP）＂ but with different semantic bases. The grammaticalization of ＂nan mian＂ is realized by the grammatical metaphor of the verb ＂nan mian＂.