幸福与超越——从马斯洛需要层次理论谈起

Happiness and Transcendentalist——From Maslow's Need Hierarchy Theory

马斯洛在需要层次理论中指出,人的基本需要从低级到高级梯级排列,人的最迫切的需要成为激励人行动的主要原因和动力,个体的实践活动以先满足低级的匮乏性需要,然后满足高级的成长性需要为实践的普遍规律。但事实表明,人类在满足需要时往往具有跳跃性,马斯洛的超越性动机试图对此作出理解,不过他未能明确指出人们应该有意识地站在超越性需要角度来评价匮乏性需要的地位和作用,人们应该用审美宗旨来指导实践而获得幸福。

Maslow＇s need hierarchy theory showed the basic needs of people cascade from preliminarily to highlevel, people＇s most pressing needs become the main reason for encouraging movement and a driving force. Individual practice take to be the first to meet the shortage of lowlevel needs,and then meet senior needs for the growth as the principle.But the fact indicated that when people meets the needs often has tmevenness, Maslow＇s motivation tried to make tiffs tmderstandable,but he has not made it clear that people should evaluate deficient needs＇ value and function from the perspective of transcendence needs, with the transcendental motivation＇ s Aesthetic purpose to guide people＇s practical activities to achieve people＇s happiness.