乙醇治疗急性减压病的实验研究

Empirical study of alcohol therapy for acute decompression sicknes

目的探讨乙醇治疗急性减压病的病因学及其作用机制。方法将实验兔32只复制成急性减压病（ADCS）模型，随机分为治疗组和对照组，每组16只。放入动物舱内在5min内加压至0．6MPa，停留30min，然后用10min匀速减至常压（0．1MPa）出舱。出舱后每隔5min定时测定Doppler气泡音。戊巴比妥纳20mg／kg耳缘静脉麻醉后，手术暴露后腔静脉约10cm作为观察段。治疗组ADCS模型兔在测定Doppler气泡音后，用25％乙醇溶液3ml／kg，由耳缘静脉缓慢注射入血管内；对照组则由耳缘静脉缓慢注射10ml生理盐水。然后经后腔静脉直接观察气泡消长情况，分次解剖，整体观察。结果对照组16只兔，出舱后30min相继死亡8只，其余在60～100min时仍有Ⅰ～Ⅲ级Doppler气泡音，后腔静脉、皮下、肌肉、内脏器官及循环系统可见大量气泡，部分血管完全被气泡阻塞。治疗组无死亡，Doppler气泡音在30～60min内消失。后腔静脉、皮下、肌肉、内脏器官的血管直径增加一倍以上，血流显著增快。血循环内无气泡或有极少量单个气泡。结论乙醇疗法是一种快速有效、经济实用的消除急性减压病的新方法。

Objective To investigate the etiology of alcohol therapy for acute decompression sickness （ADCS） and its mechanism of action. Methods Thirty-two experimental rabbits were reproduced into model of ADCS, and randomly divided into two groups： alcohol therapy group and control group, 16 rabbits for each group. All rabbits were put into animal capsule, whose pressure was risen to 0.6 MPa within 5 min, and had stayed for 30 min, then the capsule＇ s pressure was evenly decompressed to 0. 1 MPa within 10 min. After decompression, air bubble was determined by Doppler ultrasound every 5 min. After intravenous anesthesia with sodium pentobarbital （20 mg/kg） through ear vein, vena cava posterior was exposed 10 cm as observation section by operation. The model rabbits of ADCS in therapy group were injected 25% alcoholic solution （3 ml/ kg） through ear vein after air bubble determined by Doppler ultrasound, whereas in the control group, 10 ml normal saline were instead of. The growth and decline of air bubble were observed through observation section, and integer anatomy was observed fractionally. Results Half of rabbits in control group died one after another within 30 min after out of from capsule. Among the rest rabbits, Ⅰ -Ⅲ grade sound of air bubble was still determined by Doppler ultrasound within 60-100 min and a great quantity of air bubble were observed in many sites, for example, vena cava posterior, subcutaneously, muscle, internal organ, recirculating system and so on. But no rabbits occured death in therapy group, Doppler sound of air bubble disappeared within 30-60 min after out of from capsule. The blood vessel diameter of vena cava posterior, subcutaneously, muscle, internal organ increased one time and blood flow rate significantly increased. There were no or a few of air bubble in recirculating system. Conclusions Alcohol therapy is a quick, effect, economy and pragmatic new method for the etiology of ADCS.