热水沉积作用与成矿效应

HYDROTHERMAL SEDIMENTATION AND MINERALIZATION EFFECT

热水活动在岩石圈中是一种非常重要的地质和成矿作用，热水作用的动力学类型主要有深部岩浆作用、碰撞挤压作用和沉积物自生高压脱水作用。根据热水成矿的特点，在传统的三种成矿作用分类范围之外列出热水成矿作用，并进行了次级分类。我国南方主要发育有四期热水沉积作用．其特征是：在演化方式上从震旦纪到二叠纪有从沉积作用向交代和充填作用演化的趋势，在元素组成上有从稳定元素向活泼元素演化的趋势。在时空分有模式上，热水沉积矿床主要发育于张性构造背景中裂陷盆地充填层序碳酸盐岩向细碎屑岩的过渡部位．这个过渡时期正是盆地演化到深部与表层物质和能量强烈交换的时期，也是盆地海平面最高、陆源物最少的时期，同时由于盆地沉积基底碳酸盐岩的较早因此共产生裂隙和层间空隙，有利于形成热水集中供给的通道。

Hydrothermal water activity is one of the important geological and mineralization processes in the lithosphere. Hydrothermal sedimentary dynamics can be divided into deep magmatic process, collisioncompression process and dehydrating process of sediments under high pressures. Hydrothermal sedimentary mineralization can co-exist with three traditional mineralizations depending on the features of hydrothermal sedimentary mineralization and is divided into some subtypes. The hydrothermal sedimentation shows an evolution trend from Sinian to Permian, from deposition to replacing and infilling process, and from stable to mobile with respect to element composition, depending on the features of four hydrothermal sedimentary stages in South China. In the space and time model, the hydrothermal sedimentary ore deposits are located in the intermediate parts between carbonate and fine clastic rocks of infilling sedimentary sequence in the Sunken Basin in the extensional geological setting. This period witnessed violent exchange of material and energy between the surface and interior of the lithosphere,and the highest sea level and rare continental material supply. The carbonate in the basin basement became hard earlier, which is suitable for the formation of stable and intensive channel ways for hydrothermal water.