已婚妇女生殖系统健康状况及相关知识知晓率、需求情况调查分析

A survey on the health status of genital system of married women,their cognition of need for reproductive health knowledge

目的了解已婚妇女生殖系统健康状况及她们对生殖系统健康知识的知晓情况、健康教育需求形式状况,以便提出相应的对策。方法对2005年1月～2006年12月在本院进行体检的24677名已婚妇女进行妇科体检,并随机抽取370名妇女进行问卷调查,内容包括对生殖系统健康相关知识的知晓情况及健康教育知识需求方式。结果已婚妇女生殖道疾病患病率为36.9%,患病率从高到低依次为宫颈疾病27.5%、阴道炎7.7%、附件炎1.0%、妇科肿瘤0.6%、子宫颈癌0.05%,宫颈疾病占所有妇科疾病首位;其中宫颈糜烂患病率为20.3%,占宫颈疾病的首位。对生殖系统健康教育知识平均知晓率为36.4%,需要多种形式的健康教育方式。结论已婚妇女妇科疾病患病率较高,特别是宫颈疾病患病率高;已婚妇女对生殖系统健康知识的知晓率低,自我保健意识和能力较弱,对健康服务需求非常迫切;因此,应对已婚妇女开展多元化健康教育,引导妇女转变观念,加强自我生殖系统保健意识,建立良好的健康行为,可减少妇科疾病的发病率。

Objective To investigate the health status of genital system of married women, their cognition of and need for reproductive health knowledge for the purpose of putting forward with pertinent measures. Methods Health examinations on reproductive system were conducted for the married women who visited Guizhou Hospital, Shunde District, Foshan from January 2005 to December 2006. 370 of them were sampled at random for a survey by questionnaire on their cognition of reproductive health knowledge and their needs for reproductive health education. Results Among them, the incidence rate of gynecological diseases in reproductive system was 36.9%. The diseases at cervix uteri were ranked on the top at a rate of 27.5%, followed by vaginitis （7.7%）, annexitis （1.0%）, .gynecological tumor （0.6%） and uterine cancer （0.05%）. Among the diseases at cervix uteri, cervical erosion took the tlrst place at a rate of 20.3%. The average knowing rate about reproductive health education was 36.4% and they needed various health education modes. Conclusion Among married women, the incidence of gynecological diseases ranks the first, especially diseases at cervix uteri. Women at reproductive age have a lower knowing rate on reproductive health education and they have lower awareness and poorer ability of self-care so they have a strong need for health service. Therefore, we should carry out health education for women at reproductive age by multiple means and instruct them to convert their concepts, intensify their awareness of reproductive health care and standardize their healthy behaviors so that the incidence rate of gynecological diseases is lowered.