江苏省耳科疾病的流行病学调查研究

Epidemiological study on ear diseases in Jiangsu province of China

目的了解江苏省自然人群耳科疾病的流行情况,为制订防治策略提供科学依据。方法依照WHO方案,用按容量比例概率抽样(PPS)方法对江苏省40个调查点8412人进行耳科和听力调查。结果耳科疾病的患病率为26.3%(全国标准化患病率为22.6%),其中外耳病2.4%,中耳病3.5%,内耳病(伴感音神经性听力损失)22.0%。耳疾患病率随年龄增长而增高,男性高于女性,农村高于城镇,其差别均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。干预需求:调查人群中6.9%需要验配助听器,2.4%需要药物治疗,1.2%需要耳外科非急诊治疗,1.0%需要其他治疗。结论耳科疾病的高患病率会严重影响社会发展,应引起政府和全社会的更多关注。制订和执行科学的防治策略是十分重要和迫切的。防治中应更多关注农村、男性和老年人群。

Objective A population-based prevalence survey of ear diseases was conducted in Jiangsu province to provide scientific data for drawing future prevention and treatment strategies. Methods Using the probability proportion to size（PPS） method, 8412 residents were investigated in 40 clusters according to the WHO protocol. Results The prevalence of ear diseases was 26.3 % （the standardized rate： 22.6 % in the whole country）. The prevalences of various ear diseases were as follows： outer ear diseases（2.4 %）, middle ear diseases （3.5 %） and inner ear diseases （with sensory neural hearing loss, 22.0 %）.There was a significant difference in prevalence between males and females, between urban and rural areas and between different age gronps. Of the 8412 people surveyed, 6.9% needed hearing aids, 2.4% needed medicine treatment, 1.2% needed non- urgent ear surgery and 1.0% needed other treatment. Conclusion The high prevalence of ear diseases put a heavy burden on social and economic development. The government and the whole society should take more concern about the problem. The scientific strategies of prevention and treatment were urgently needed to be developed and implemented. Strategies should focus management attention and resources on rural areas, males and old population.