实验性雏鸭黄曲霉毒素中毒肝损伤的动态变化

Pathological development of hepatic injury in experimentally aflatoxin-induced ducklings

将120羽2日龄健康雏鸭随机分成2组,试验组用含黄曲霉毒素的饲料饲喂,对照组用正常饲料饲喂,在饲喂后1、5、7、9 d检测血清转氨酶水平;同时进行肝组织病理学检查。结果:试验组饲喂后2 d雏鸭出现黄曲霉毒素中毒典型临床症状,7 d开始出现死亡。剖检可见肝脏肿大,被膜下大量网格状灰白色物质增生。试验组处理后5 d雏鸭肝细胞肿胀、变性,汇管区少量胆管上皮细胞增生;7 d汇管区小胆管增生较明显,局部连接成片;9 d汇管区增生的小胆管已经占据了肝脏的近1/2。试验组雏鸭血清天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)和丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)活性随黄曲霉毒素饲喂时间延长而升高。饲喂后1 d试验组雏鸭血清中AST和ALT活性与对照组差异不明显(P>0.05);5、79、d试验组雏鸭血清AST和ALT活性与对照组的活性相比差异显著(P<0.05)。对照组未见异常的临床症状及病理变化。

120 normal,2-old-day, yingtao valley ducklings were randomly distributed into two groups, fed with feedstuffs containing 5 μg/kg AFBI （T） ,and normal feedstuffs（C）respectively. The clinical symptoms,serum aminotransferase activities and histopathological changes of the ducklings＇ liver were examined. The ducklings appeared typical clinical symptoms at 1st day post-treatment,and began to die at 8 th day. At postmortem,lesions consisted of liver swelling,much pale net structure on the liver surface. The histopathological examination chiefly characterized degeneration and necrosis of hepatocyte at 1 st day,and hyperplasia of bile canaliculi at 5 th day,and epithelia of bile canaliculi took place of many hepatocytes at 9 th day. Generally, the activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase （AST） and alanine aminotransferase （ALT） in the T group increased as the amount of aflatoxin increasing in the advanced stage. The activities of serum AST and ALT were not significantly different compared with C group at the 1^st day;however,the activities of AST and ALT at 5 th,7 th and 9 th day were apparently higher than those of C group （P〈0. 05）. Then the C group dublings were clinically normal throughout the experimental period.