饮用水深度处理过程中有机提取物的致突变性

Removal of Organic Mutagen in Tap Water

目的了解臭氧-生物活性炭(O3-BAC)深度处理水中有机提取物对DNA的损伤作用。方法于2005年6—7月,采集A水厂O3-BAC处理工艺过程中的原水、前接触水、沙滤水、后接触水、BAC水、出厂水水样,以及B水厂一般处理工艺过程中原水、前接触水、沙滤水、出厂水水样。采用A水厂(7.00、3.00、1.50、1.00、0.75、0.38L/皿剂量组)、B水厂水样有机提取物(7.00、3.00、1.00L/皿剂量组)对沙门组氨酸营养缺陷型TA98、TA100菌株进行Ames试验。采用A水厂水样有机提取物对人外周血进行胞质阻断微核试验(3.00、1.50、0.75、0.38L/皿剂量组),对人外周单核细胞进行彗星试验(3.00、1.50、0.75、0.38L/皿剂量组),对人胚肺成纤维细胞p53进行ELISA试验(3.00、1.00、0.3L/皿剂量组)。结果A水厂原水、前接触水、沙滤水7.00L/皿组TA98-S9和原水、前接触水、沙滤水3.00、7.00L/皿组TA98+S9的回变菌落数是溶剂对照组的2倍;B水厂原水、前接触水、沙滤水7.00L/皿组、出厂水3.00、7.00L/皿组TA98-S9和原水、沙滤水、出厂水3.00、7.00L/皿组、前接触水7.00L/皿组TA98+S9的回变菌落数是溶剂对照组的2倍。A水厂原水、沙滤水3.00L/皿组淋巴细胞微核率高于溶剂对照组(P<0.05)。A水厂原水、前接触水、沙滤水0.75、1.50、3.00L/皿组和后接触水、BAC水、出厂水1.50、3.00L/皿组的彗星尾长大于溶剂对照(P<0.05)。与相同剂量组出厂水比较,沙滤水1.0、3.0L/皿组p53蛋白浓度较高(P<0.05)。结论O3-BAC法深度处理工艺能够降低饮水中的有机提取物对DNA的损伤作用。

Objective To understand the effect of the organic extracts of tap water deeply treated with O3-BAC on DNA damage. Methods During June to July 2005, water samples were collected from 6 sites in waterworks A treated with O3-BAC, the raw water, the pre-chlorination water, the filtration water, the post-ozonation water, the BAC water and the tap water respectively and 4 sites in waterworks B treated by general treatment, the raw water, the pre-chlorination water, the filtration water, and the tap water respectively. The test was carried out on extracts of water sample from waterworks A with dosage（7.00, 3.00, 1.50, 1.00, 0.75, 0.38 L/plate）and waterworks B with dosage（7.00, 3.00, 1.00 L/plate）using S.typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100. Cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus （CBMN） test, Comet assay were used on extracts of water sample from waterworks A with dosage（3.00, 1.50, 0.75, 0.38 L/plate）. Human embryo lung fibroblast （KMB17 strain） p53 ELISA were used with dosage（3.00, 1.00, 0.3 L/plate）. Results Ames test showed that in the waterworks A, at the dose of 7.0 L, the revertants of the raw water, pre-chlorination water, the filtration water on TA98-S9 and 7.0 L, 3.0 L/plate, the revertants of the raw water, pre-ozonation water, filtration water on TA98＋S9 were twice more than that of solvent control, in waterworks B, at the dose of 7.0 L/plate, the revertants of the raw water, pre-chlorination water, filtration water on TA98-S9 and 7.0 L, 3.0 L/plate the revertants of the tap water on TA98-S9, and 7.0 L/plate pre-chlorination water on TA98＋S9 were twice more than that of solvent control. Cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus （CBMN） test showed that in waterworks A, at the dose of 3.0 L/plate, the micronucleus rates of the raw water, filtration water were significant high than that of solvent control（P〈0.05）. The comet assay showed that in waterworks A, at the dosage of 3.00, 1.50, 0.75 L/plate, the tail length of the raw water, pre-chlorination water, the filtration water and at the doges of 1.50, 3.00 L/plate, the tail length of the post-ozonation water, the BAC water and the tap water were significant longer than that of solvent control（P〈0.05）. In ELISA assay, at the dosage of 1.0, 3.0 L/plate, compared with the same dose, the p53 protein concentration of the filtration water was higher than that of the tap water （P〈0.05）. Conclusions The ozone-biological active carbon （O3-BAC） technique may significantly reduce the effect of organic extracts of tap water on DNA damage.