2006年广西农村集中式供水水质卫生状况调查

Investigation on Sanitation of Centralized Drinking Water Supply in Rural Area of Guangxi in 2006

目的全面了解广西农村集中式供水水质的卫生现状。方法随机对广西壮族自治区33个县(市、区)400座农村集中式供水工程卫生现状进行调查。采用统一制订的调查表对各农村集中式供水工程监测点进行现场调查,调查内容包括覆盖人口、水源类型、水质处理方式和水质状况。于2006年丰(7月)、枯水期(11月),按卫生部《生活饮用水检验规范》(2001)对农村集中式供水工程末梢水水样进行检测。结果本次调查的农村集中式供水工程覆盖人口为1170147人。利用国债资金投资建设的饮水工程(以下简称"国债项目")与非国债项目分别有100、300座。末梢水经完全处理或部分处理(混凝、沉淀、过滤或消毒)的有占48.00%(192/400),其中完全处理的占调查总数的16.00%(64/400)。国债项目末梢水经完全处理或部分处理所占百分比[33.00%(33/100)]高于非国债项目[10.33%(31/300)]。水源类型以地下水(浅井水、深井水、泉水)为主,占调查水源总数的65.75%(263/400),地表水(沟塘水、江河水、水库水)仅占调查水源总数的34.25%(137/400)。水样合格率为30.67%(242/789)。丰水期水样合格率[25.75%(103/400)]低于枯水期[35.73%(139/389)],差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。国债项目水样合格率[37.95%(74/195)]高于非国债项目[28.28%(168/594)],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在各项检测指标中,总大肠菌群和细菌总数合格率较低,分别为38.15%和78.71%。其他指标合格率则均在94.00%以上,其中,砷、氟化物、硝酸盐、硫酸盐、氯化物、总硬度均合格。结论广西农村集中式供水工程水处理设施不完善,水质合格率较低,微生物污染严重。

Objective To explore the sanitation of centralized drinking water supply in rural area of Guangxi. Methods 400 centralized drinking water supply systems in 33 counties （district） in rural area of Guangxi had been randomly investigated. The field survey on each monitoring site was carried out by investigation form. The water sampling from distribution system and determination were carried out based on the related national standards. Results The rural centralized water supply facility covered 1 170 147 people in this survey. The national and non-national debt project on rural water supply system accounted for 100 and 300 respectively. The rural centralized water supply system with fully and partially treatment （coagulation, deposition, filtration or disinfection） accounted for 48.00%, and those with the fully treatment accounted for 16.00%. The rural centralized water supply systems of national debt projects with fully and partially treatment （coagulation, deposition, filtration or disinfection） accounted for 33.00%, which is statistically higher than those （10.33%） of non-national debt project. The ratio of the rural centralized water supply systems with fully and partially treatment between national and non-national debt project revealed statistically significant difference （P〈0.01）. The main water source of the rural centralized water supply systems was groundwater （shallow well, deep well and spring）, which accounted for 65.75%. 34.25% of the rural centralized water supply systems treated the surface water （channel and pool, river, reservoir） as the source water. The qualified rate of water samples in planty water period was 25.75%, which is statistically lower than that （35.73%）in low water period （P〈0.01）. The qualified rate of water samples from the rural centralized water supply systems of national debt projects is 37.95%, which is statistically higher than that （28.28%） of non-national debt projects （P〈0.01）.Among various parameters of water samples, which were 38.15% and 78.71% respectively. Except total coliform and total bacteria, other indexes revealed qualified rates which was above 94%. The levels of arsenic, fluoride, nitrate, sulfate, chloride and total hardness were qualified according to the related national stanards. Conclusion The water samples from the rural centralized water supply systems have been contaminated by microorganism in different degree, and reveals lower qualified rate, which should be improved further more.