北京市交警与郊区居民的多环芳烃暴露及影响因素

Assessment of Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Traffic Police and Suburban Inhabitants in Beijing

目的评价北京市交通警察和郊区居民多环芳烃暴露水平,探讨1-羟基芘(1-OHP)作为多环芳烃环境暴露生物标志物的影响因素。方法于2007年6—8月进行调查。以62名交通警察和35名郊区居民为调查对象,连续两天采集调查对象所处环境空气中PM2.5,以超声波萃取-高效液相色谱法分析10种多环芳烃含量,评价研究人群外暴露水平;收集研究人群班后尿,采用高效液相色谱法测定多环芳烃暴露标志物1-OHP的浓度;通过问卷调查收集年龄、吸烟、饮酒、体育锻炼等信息,采用多元回归模型分析调查因素对尿1-OHP浓度影响。结果交警组环境空气中苯并(a)芘、芘、多环芳烃总浓度分别为3.20、6.48、38.32 ng/m3,高于郊区居民组相应值(1.54、4.05、25.43 ng/m3);两组人群尿中1-OHP浓度分别为(0.56±0.48)和(0.37±0.28)μmol/mol肌酐,差别具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。吸烟的郊区居民和吸烟量≥20支/d的交警尿中1-OHP浓度显著高于相应的不吸烟个体。未发现年龄、饮酒、锻炼习惯等调查因素对1-OHP浓度的影响。结论北京市交警和郊区居民具有较高的多环芳烃暴露水平,环境空气暴露和吸烟是影响研究人群尿中1-OHP的主要因素。

Objective To assess the exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） in traffic police and suburban inhabitants in Beijing and to explore the factors that can influence urinary 1-hydroxypyrene （1-OHP） which will be taken as PAHs exposure biomarker. Methods From Jun. to Aug. 2007, Sixty-two traffic policemen and 35 male suburban inhabitants were selected. The ambient PM2.5 samples were collected within two consecutive days in the work place of traffic policeman and in the residential area of suburban inhabitants respectively. The levels of urinary 1-OHP and 10 PAHs species in the collected PM2.5 were determined by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）, while the information on smoking, drinking alcohol, exercising habit and so on was investigated by questionnaire. Results The average levels of benzo[a]pyrene, pyrene and total PAHs in the traffic policeman group were 3.20, 6.48 and 38.32 ng/m^3 respectively, while the corresponding values in the suburban inhabitant group were 1.54, 4.05 and 25.43 ng/m^3respectively. The concentration of urinary 1-OHP in the policeman group was higher than that of the suburban inhabitant group. In addition,the effect of smoking on the 1-OHP concentrations were also detected in the smoking suburban inhabitants and serious smoking traffic policemen （≥20 cigarettes per day ）. There was no effect of other factors （such as drinking alcohol, exercising and cooking habit） on 1-OHP. Conclusion Both traffic policemen and suburban inhabitants in Beijing were exposed to high level of PAHs. The ambient air exposure and smoking are the most important factors influencing the concentration of urinary 1-OHP.