黄河水沙调控体系建设初步研究

Preliminary Study on Building Silt-Discharge Regulation System of the Yellow River

解决黄河水少沙多、水沙关系不协调的有效途径是增水(节水和外流域调水)、减沙(水土保持措施减沙,干支流水库拦沙,小北干流放淤)、调水调沙。完善的黄河水沙调控工程体系应包括黄河干流龙羊峡、刘家峡、黑山峡、碛口、古贤、三门峡、小浪底七大骨干水库和支流泾河东庄水库、沁河河口村水库、伊洛河陆浑与故县水库等,非工程体系主要包括水沙预报系统、不同空间尺度和不同时间尺度的水沙调控调度模型等。黄河水沙调控工程体系必须保证黄河水沙的多年调节、满足调水调沙对水流动力的要求、能够调节水库泥沙、满足小北干流放淤对水沙条件的要求、确保黄河不断流以及支持流域经济社会发展等。

The effective way for solving the problems of deficient in water,abundant in sediment and unbalanced silt-discharge rating of the Yellow River is to increase water(water saving and interbasin diversion),reduce sediment(sediment reduction through soil and water conservation measures,sediment retaining by reservoirs on the main river and tributaries and warping conducted on Xiaobeiganliu) and regulate discharge regime.The completed silt-discharge regulation system of the river should include the 7 key reservoirs of Longyangxia,Liujiaxia,Heishanxia,Qikou,Guxian,Sanmenxia and Xiaolangdi situated on the stem of the Yellow River and tributary reservoirs of Dongzhuang on the Jinghe River,Hekoucun on the Qinhe River and Luhun and Guxian on the Yiluo River and;the non-engineering system should mainly include silt-discharge forecasting system and silt-discharge regulation and control model with different spatial and time scales.The silt-discharge engineering regulation system should meet the requirements of pluriennial regulation of silt-discharge and flow power during regulated discharge regime;can regulate reservoir sediment and meet the requirements of silt-discharge condition while warping in Xiaobeiganliu,ensure no flow-breaking of the river and support economic and social development of the basin.