企业知识共享的正负效应分析

Analyzing the Positive and Negative Effects of Enterprise Knowledge Sharing

知识共享是企业实施知识管理的重点和难点,企业知识共享既有正效应,也有负效应,这是由企业组织的特点、组织的内外环境以及知识的特点共同决定的。企业知识共享的正效应表现为:增强企业获取知识的有效性、防止知识流失、优化知识资源配置并提升企业组织的核心竞争力;负效应表现为:导致部分员工在知识共享过程中出现"搭便车"现象,影响企业知识共享的安全性。鉴于此,克服负效应的主要措施为:提倡团队精神和员工间的相互信任,建立完善、公平的知识共享激励机制,合理运用惩罚形式,制定内部知识产权保护制度,限定知识共享的范围。

Knowledge sharing remains a key and hard nut when enterprise undertakes knowledge -based management, but it has positive and negative effects, which are decided by characteristics of enterprise organization, internal and external environment of organization and character of knowledge. Positive effects are represented in enhancing the effectiveness of enterprise＇s gaining knowledge, preventing knowledge drain, optimizing allocation of knowledge resources and strengthening core competitive power of organization; negative effects shown in a part of employee hitchhiking in the sharing process and damaging security of sharing knowledge. In view of this situation, the major measure is to advocate team spirit and mutual trust between employees, establish a sound and fair promoting mechanism of knowledge sharing, exercise punishment measure in a rational way, stipulate protection of inner intellectual property, and limit the scope of sharing knowledge.