电流变液的发展现状

Development and Current Status of Electrorheological Fluids

电流变液自1947年被Winslow发现以来，因其能快速、可逆地实现液一固相转变，并具有响应快（毫秒级）、连续可调、能耗低等优良特性，越来越为有关工程技术人员所关注。研究表明，电流变液在工程机械、液压系统、航空航天、机器人等众多领域具有广泛的应用前景。本文回顾了电流变液的发展和国内外的研究现状，阐述了电流变液的特点、组成、相关参数、理论模型及应用和优缺点，详细论述了产生电流变的机理、设计制造高性能电流变液的方法，并在此基础上提出了一些笔者对介电模型和电导模型的观点。

Since electrorheological （ER） suspensions were discovered by Winslow in 1947, they have been attracting much attention from engineers in the fields of mechanics, hydraulic pressure; aviation and robotics due to their fast （ms order） ; continuously tunable, energy efficient, and reversible liquid-solid conversion under an external electric field. The history and current research status of ER materials and phenomena were briefly reviewed in this article. The characteristics, composition, related parameters, theoretical models, applications and advantages-disadvantages of ER fluids were discussed. The mechanisms in which an ER suspension works were described in depth, and the criteria of how to design a high performance ER fluid were also discussed. Finally, some authors＇ views on the dielectric model and conduction model were presented.