黄芪居群间生物学特性差异及对白粉病抗性研究

Study on difference of biological characteristics and resistance to powdery mildew of different Astragalus populations

目的:研究膜荚黄芪、蒙古黄芪居群间形态、习性、生理特征、抗病性等差异并进行分类。为黄芪种质资源整理,品种培育、改良提供理论依据。方法:从形态、习性等生物学特性和同工酶、可溶性蛋白电泳等生理特点方面对黄芪不同居群进行比较研究,并以同工酶、可溶性蛋白电泳图谱为基础进行聚类分析,同时通过比较各居群感染白粉病的病情指数,研究了它们的抗白粉病能力。结果:蒙古黄芪与膜荚黄芪有很大差异;膜荚黄芪中存在一种花期晚、叶多毛的类型。结论:可以把黄芪分为3个类型:蒙古黄芪,早花型膜荚黄芪,晚花型膜荚黄芪。蒙古黄芪极抗白粉病,膜荚黄芪易感白粉病,其中早花型膜荚黄芪尤其易感白粉病。

Objective： To study difference among populations which belong to Astragalus membranaceus and A. membranaceus var. mongholicus on morphology, habit, characteristics of physiology and resistance to powdery mildew, and classify them in order to provide theoretical basis for breeding and improving varieties. Method： Morphology, habits, isozyme and soluble protein electrophoretograms were compared among the populations. They were categorized by cluster analysis based on those electrophoretograms. Different ability of resistance to powdery mildew was also studied through comparing disease indices among six populations. Result： The results showed A. membranaceus var. mongholicus was distinctly different from A. membranaceus. There was a special type in colonies of A. membranaceus, which showed hairy upper epidermis of leaflets and later florescence. Conclusion： Astragalus for medicine could be categorized in three types A. membranaceus var. mongholicus, A. membranaceus early florescence type and A. membranaceus late florescence type. Among them A. membranaceus var. mongholicus is most resistant to powdery mildew, while A. membranaceus is easily infected, and the early florescence type is even more easily infected.