先天性小眼球的MRI检查及表现

Magnetic resonance imaging findings of congenital microphthalmos

目的探讨先天性小眼球的MR表现。方法回顾性分析15例(17眼)先天性小眼球的MRI表现。15例行MR平扫,其中3例还行增强扫描,采用FSE横断面T1WI、T2WI,冠状面及斜矢状面T1WI扫描。结果15例(17眼)先天性小眼球中,单侧13例,双侧2例。缺损性小眼球11眼,10眼表现为眼球体积小,前部结构正常,视乳头区眼球壁不连续,并见长T1长T2信号囊肿突出于眼球之外,1眼表现为患侧未见正常眼球结构,囊肿大而不规则;并发性小眼球5眼,伴永存原始玻璃体增生症;单纯性小眼球1眼。患侧眶腔减小11眼,扩大2眼,无明显改变4眼。伴视路或颅内其他异常4例。结论MRI能清楚显示小眼球本身及伴发的眼部及中枢神经发育异常,有助于先天性小眼球的分型,能为临床诊断和治疗方案制定提供重要信息。

Objective To evaluate MR imaging findings of congenital microphthalmos. Methods MR imaging findings of 15 cases （17 eyes） with microphthalmos confirmed by follow-up results were retrospectively analyzed. FSE T1 and T2 weighted imaging were performed in 15 patients, in which 3 cases were performed with postcontrast T1-weighted imaging. Results Among the 15 cases （17 eyes）, unilateral microphthalmos was found in 13 cases, and bilateral microphthalmos was found in 2 cases. Colobomatous microphthalmia was found in 11 eyes, in which microphthalmos with coloboma of optic disc and a cyst with long T1 long T2 signal outstretching from the defect were found in 10 eyes, microphthalmos with a large orbital cyst was found in 1 eye. Complicated microphthalmia with PHPV was found in 5 eyes. Pure microphthalmia was found in 1 eye. Affected orbital cavity was diminished in 11 eyes, enlarged in 2 eyes, unchanged in 4 eyes. There was abnormality in visual pathway or intracalvarium in 4 cases. Conclusion MRI can display the microphthalmos and other dysplasia in orbit and central nervous system, contributing to diagnosis and therapy.