新疆北部干旱地区鼠类群落空间结构差异的比较研究

Comparative Study on the Spatial Structure Differences of the Rodent Communities from Arid Areas in Northern Xinjiang

本文我们根据前人的研究并结合自己的调查,对新疆北部干旱地区鼠类群落空间结构差异进行了比较分析.结果表明,准噶尔盆地不同地区鼠类群落可划分为:高山草甸型、山地草原型、原生荒漠型、农田林地型和城市型等.一般高山草甸型以根田鼠为主;山地草原型以草原兔尾鼠、小林姬鼠、灰仓鼠为主;原生荒漠大沙鼠、子午沙鼠为主,梭梭荒漠型以大沙鼠、子午沙鼠为主,柽柳荒漠型以红尾沙鼠为主,跞石荒漠型以五趾跳鼠为主,荒漠草原型以五趾跳鼠、根田鼠为主;农田林地型以根田鼠、小家鼠、小林姬鼠、灰仓鼠为主;城市型以褐家鼠、小家鼠、灰仓鼠为主.同时发现,由于人类开垦经营,当地鼠类群落出现了由原始类型向人工环境的演变.褐家鼠是外来种,它已在不少地区占优势地位,成为当地主要的害鼠.

In this paper, spatial structure differences of the rodent communities from arid areas in northern Xinjiang were analyzed based on previous studies combining with our investigation. The results show that, the rodent communities from different areas of Dzungaria basin can be divided into following five types： the high- mountain grassy community, the mountain grassland community, the proto-desert community, the farmland and forest community, and the urban community. Microtus oeconomus dominated in the high-mountain grassy community; the mountain grassland was dominated by Lagurus lagurus, Apodemus sylvaticus and Cricetulus migratorius; desert rodent communities were dominated by Meriones meridianus, Rhombomys opimus and Aallactaga sibiirica, Microtus oeconomus; the farmland and forest rodent communities were dominated by Microtus oeconomus, Mus musculus and A. sylvaticus; the urban and resident area rodent community was dominated by Rattus norvegicus M. musculus and A. sylvaticus and C. migratorius. At the same time, it has been discovered that the original type of local Rodent communty have been developing into artificial environment by the influence of human activity including reclamation. Rattus norvegicus is an alien species, but they have dominated in many areas and became the main harmful rodent.