民国时期民众教育馆变迁的制度分析

The Institutional Analysis of the Change of Mass Education Museum in the Republic of China

近代乡村社会改变的关键是民众认同并逐渐掌握新的现代性经济、政治和文化技能,而诸技能的全面导入、传播对于各种单设机关而言是力所不及的,需要设置综合性组织机构来承担。民众教育馆作为南京国民政府借助行政力量掀起的民众教育运动综合机关,对当时乡村民众文化水平的提高和乡村基层政治、农业生产的近代化有着一定的促进作用,但作为强制性制度安排的产物,它更多考虑的是政府偏好和政党意愿,存在的制度缺陷和弊端妨碍了其最大绩效的发挥,最终导致整个民众教育运动走向失败。

The key to transformation of Chinese society was the mass＇acceptance and mastery of new-type modern factors such as economic,political,cultural skills.However,the distribution and spread of these new factors were above the depth of these single units,and thus comprehensive organizations were needed.As a comprehensive unit established along with the mass education movement started by National Government of Nanking by virtue of its administrative power,the mass education museum had good effect on the mass＇education in the rural areas,and the modernization of the politics and agriculture production of the grass roots;however,as a production of the compulsory institution,the museum paid more attention to government＇s preference and party＇s wish.The institutional deficiency and malpractice led to the inefficiency and finally the failure of the mass education movement.