历史时期流域生态安全探研--以汾河上游为例

The research on basin ecological security in historical period:Taking Upper Fenhe River as a case

本文选择了位于生态脆弱区的汾河上游为研究区域,运用"系列横剖面"、"压力-状态-响应"框架模型等方法,对历史时期流域生态安全问题进行了尝试性探索。研究表明:与历史时期社会生产技术水平相适应,人类对环境的干预及应对环境变迁的能力较低,故历史时期流域生态安全也存在波动变化;研究历史时期生态脆弱地带的流域生态安全,人口数量、耕地数量、畜牧业开发程度、国家政策、战争频次等应是主要指标;在"压力-状态-响应"评价体系下,压力、状态指标安全指数呈下降趋势,响应指标安全指数反之,民间控制行为的出现反证了生态演变程度的加剧。本文研究复原了历史时期汾河上游生态安全演变态势,但如何量化不同阶段的流域生态阈值,并进行生态安全性的判别等,尚待进一步深入研究。

This article chooses the upper reaches of Fenhe River, which is an eco-fragile region, as the study area. Using ＂series cross profile＂ and ＂pressure-state-response＂ framework model, this article explores the main problem of the basin＇s ecological security in historical period. The study indicates that, in line with the social production in historical period, both human capacity to intervene on the environment and the ability to respond to environmental changes are low, hence presenting a fluctuation in ecological security in the historical period; research on the basin ecological security, the cultivated land quantity, the plantation quantity, the level of stock raising, the state＇s policies, the war frequency and so on in eco-fragile regions in historical periods should be the main indexes; in the ＂pressure-state-response＂ evaluation system, the pressure factor and the state factor indexes decreased, while the response factor indexes increased; and the emergence of civil control behavior proves the intensification of the ecological evolution from the other aspect. This paper restores and discusses the evolution state of ecological security of the upper reaches of Fenhe River in historical period. It is necessary for us to do more researches about how to quantify the ecological thresholds in different stages, and how to judge the ecological safety.