甘蓝型油菜与芝麻菜体的细胞杂交

Somatic Hybridization between Brassica napus and Eruca sativa Mill

为拓宽油菜育种的基因资源库,改良油菜品种,以甘蓝型油菜（Brassica napus）花油3号下胚轴和芝麻菜（Eruca sativa）下胚轴为材料分离制备原生质体;然后采用PEG-高Ca^2＋-高pH法进行原生质体融合,当PEG浓度为35%,原生质体融合密度为5×10^5个/mL时,融合25min时,融合率可达18.2%。融合后在培养密度为1×10^5个/mL时,以附加1.0mg/L2,4-D＋0.5mg/L6-BA＋0.5mg/LNAA＋200mg/L肌醇＋300mg/L水解酪蛋白的改良的KM8p为融合体培养基,以0.1mol/L蔗糖＋0.2mol/L葡萄糖＋0.2mol/L甘露醇作渗透稳定剂进行液体浅层培养,效果较好,愈伤组织再生率最高为6.8%。将融合体再生的小愈伤组织转移至培养基（B5无机盐＋0.087mol/L蔗糖＋0.2mg/L2,4-D＋0.5mg/LNAA＋0.2mg/L6-BA＋0.5%Agar,pH5.8）上增殖培养,待愈伤组织长至直径为3-5mm时,及时将其转至分化培养基（MS无机盐＋0.087mol/L蔗糖＋0.1mg/LIAA＋0.8mg/L6-BA＋0.8%Agar,pH5.8）中诱导不定芽再生,芽分化率为35.7%。当不定芽长为2-3cm时,将其切下转入附加0.5mg/LIBA＋0.2mg/L6-BA的1/2MS生根培养基中诱导生根,14d左右即可形成再生植株,生根率可达88%。同时,以紫外线（60μW/cm^2）照射芝麻菜原生质体,进行不对称融合,照射2min的获得了愈伤组织和再生植株,照射4min的只获得愈伤组织,而照射5min以上的没有获得愈伤组织,但其愈伤组织再生、增殖及植株再生均不如对称融合。从细胞学鉴定的21块杂种愈伤组织上再生出16株杂种植株。

In order to expand gene resources and improve Brassica napus cultivars, protoplasts isolated from hypocotyls of Brassica napus cv. Huayou No. 3 and Eruca sativa were fused by PEG-high Ca^2＋-high pH. Fusion frequency was up to 18.2% when fusion system contained 5×10^5 protoplasts/mL, and when PEG concentration of fusion agents were 35% and when fusion time was 25 min. Then the fused protoplasts were cultured by the method of thin liquid layer at the density of 1×10^5 protoplasts/mL in improved KM8p medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D, 0.5mg/L NAA, 0.5 mg/L 6-BA, 200 mg/L inositol, 300 mg/L protein hydrolysate, and the combinations of 0.1 mol/L sucrose and 0.2 mol/L glucose and 0.2 mol/L mannitol for osmotic regulator, the frequency of callus regeneration was up to 6.8%. When the micro-calli transferred to the proliferation medium that contained Bs salts, 0.087 mol/L sucrose, 0.2 mg/L 2,4-D, 0.5 mg/L NAA, 0.2 mg/L 6-BA and 0.5% Agar, pH 5.8, have grown up to 3-5 mm of diameter, the calli were transferred to the differentiation medium that contained MS salts, 0.087 mol/L sucrose, 0.1 mg/L IAA, 0.8 mg/L 6-BA, 0.8% Agar, pH5.8, the shoots were regenerated in 4 weeks and its frequency was up to 32.8%. Then 2-3 cm shoots were transferred to 1/2 MS medium with 0.5 mg/L IBA＋0.2mg/L 6-BA, plantlets were obtained in 14 days and the plantlet frequency was up to 88%. When the protoplasts of Eruca sativa were treated with UV radiation for 2 minutes calli and plantlets have been regenerated, treated for 4 min only calli have been regenerated, and treated for more than 5 min calli have not been regenerated. The callus regeneration and callus proliferation and plant regeneration from symmetric fusion were more than from asymmetric fusion. 16 hybrid plantlets have been regenerated on 21 piece of hybrid calli identified by cytology method.