天津大沽炮台海字炮台和威字炮台“三合土”研究

Primary study on the "Sanhe Tu" from the Haizi and Weizi Emplacements in Tianjing Dagu site

"三合土"是一种性能较好的中国传统建筑材料。准确解析三合土的配比,不仅可揭示古代当时的建筑工艺,还可为文物保护工作提供依据和借鉴。为准确测试出天津大沽炮台的三合土配方,以便完成对炮台的本体保护,本工作借助SEM-EDX、XRD、XRF等仪器,采用线扫描和面扫描等测试手段,分析了天津大沽海字炮台和威字炮台的三合土样品,结果表明海字炮台三合土为三元配方,粘土、石灰及砂子的配比约为1∶2∶1;而威字炮台表面台基三合土为二元配方,粘土及石灰的比例约3∶1,拟以此两种配方的三合土展开相关实验,以便完成对炮台的加固。本研究为相似材料的分析提供了一种简便易行的方法。

In China, ＂Sanhe Tu＂ is a well - known traditional building material with well performance. Therefore it is very significative to learn the exact proportions of the ＂Sanhe Tu＂, as this will provide information about the build techniques, and provide the basis for cultural relics conservation. For conservation of emplacement body, the ＂Sanhe Tu＂ samples obtained from Haizi and Weizi Dagu emplacements at Tianjin were analyzed by SEM - EDX, XRD and XRF using line scanning and block scanning methods. It was found that the proportions of clay, lime and sand of Haizi emplacement was approximately 1：2：1, while the ＂Sanhe Tu＂ in the surface of Weizi emplacement contains only clay and lime, in the proportion of 3 ： 1. This study demonstrated a quick and easy test method for the analysis of similar materials.