微生物及胞外多聚物在颗粒污泥形成中的作用

THE EFFECT OF MICROBIAL AND EXTRACELLULAR POLYMERS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF GRANULAR SLUDGE

集中论述了升流式厌氧污泥床（UASB）反应器中的微生物学特性，胞外多聚物（ECP）的组成以及它们在生物膜和颗粒污泥形成中的作用。ECP对颗粒的结构和稳定起重要作用，其含量占颗粒中悬浮性固体含量的0．6％～20％，主要成分为蛋白质和多糖。甲烷毛状菌属和甲烷八叠球菌属是最初颗粒化和颗粒污泥形成的重要的分解乙酸产甲烷的细菌。免疫学方法鉴定出颗粒中有利用氢和甲酸的产甲烷菌，如甲酸甲烷杆菌、嗜热自养甲烷杆菌和甲烷短杆菌属。

The state of art for upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors is discussed, focusing on the microbiology and components of extracellular polymers, and their roles on the development of biofilm and granular sludge. The extracellular polymers in granular sludge are imPOrtant for the structure maintenance of granules. Its content varies between 0. 6 % and 2. 0 % of the volatile suspended solids and consists mainly of protein and polysaccharides. Both Methanosaeta spp. and Methanosarcina spp. have been identified as important aceticlastic methanogens for the initial granulation and development of granular sludge. Immunological methods have been used to identify hydrogen and formate methanogens, e. g. Methanobacterium formicicum, Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum, and Methanobrevibacter spp.