Ca^(2+)在植物细胞对逆境反应和适应中的调节作用

Ca^(2+) Signaling in Plant Cell Response and Adaptation to Low Temperature, Drought and Salt Stresses

钙离子(Ca^(2+))信号在植物的生长发育及其对环境的反应和适应中起着十分重要的作用。本文对Ca^(2+)在植物细胞对低温、干旱和盐渍化逆境的反应和适应中的调节功能作一概述,论述的主要问题包括:(1)Ca^(2+)的亚细胞定位与分布,细胞内Ca^(2+)相对低水平的稳态平衡是Ca^(2+)信号发生的基础;(2)Ca^(2+)信号的优越性及其发生与传递;(3)Ca^(2+)充当低温信号的传递者诱导抗寒锻炼和基因表达;(4)细胞内高水平Ca^(2+)持久性调控越冬木本植物的生理休眠;(5)Ca^(2+)对干旱、盐渍化及其渗透胁迫的调节作用;(6)Ca^(2+)参与气孔开关运动的调节;(7)Ca^(2+)参与逆境中细胞壁加厚和加固的调节。

The Ca^2＋ messenger plays important roles in plant growth and development, as well as in plant response and adaptation to the environment. In this review, we analyze the regulation mechanism of Ca^2＋ in plant adaptation to low temperature, drought and salt stress, including （1） Ca^2＋ subcellular localization and distribution, homeostasis in intracellular Ca^2＋ at a lower level acting as the basis of Ca^2＋ signal occurrence; （2） Ca^2＋ signal molecular superiority and its signaling pathway; （3） Cold acclimation and gene expression induced by Ca^2＋ signaling; （4） Physiological dormancy in over-wintering woody plants regulated by lasting high level of intracellular Ca^2＋; （5） Regulation of Ca^2＋ in drought and salt stresses; （6） Ca^2＋ signal in the regulation of stomatal closure/opening movement; （7） Roles of Ca^2＋ in the regulation of cell-wall thickening and strengthening under environmental stress.