基于OTDR技术的光纤式输油管道安全预警系统

Optical Fiber Pre-warning System for Safety of Oil Pipelines Based on OTDR

提出一种基于光时域反射原理（ODTR）和分布式光纤传感原理实现输油管道泄漏安全实时监测的技术。当输油管道发生泄漏时，使光纤所处的温度场发生变化，利用光纤后向喇曼散射的温度效应测量该处的温度变化来判断管道泄漏；当发生人为破坏（盗油）事件时，所产生的振动、压力等扰动信号使在光纤中传输的后向瑞利散射光产生明显的变化特征，通过测量其光强的变化来检测管道是否受到扰动或破坏。用ODTR技术实现对光纤测量点的定位。实验结果表明，系统已达到的主要技术指标：光纤长度5km（可延长），测温范围0～90℃（可扩展），温度测量偏差小于＋5℃，对扰动外力和温度的定位偏差小于15m。该检测技术可以有效地提高输油管道泄漏监测和防盗油水平。

A real-time monitoring technology for safety and leakage of oil pipeline based on theories of optical time domain reflectometer（ODTR） and the distributed optical fiber sensor were introduced. As the pipeline leaks, the temperature field around the optical fiber sensor changes. Using the temperature effect of the backscattered Anti-stokes the temperature was measured and the pipeline leakage was estimated. When there was an accident of factitious destruction（Oil-stealing） on the pipeline,the destruction would create vibration and pressure and thus the optical signal attenuation of the backscattered Raylei leigh,the disturbance and breakage gh through the optical fiber happen. And by measuring the intensity of the Raypipeline could be detected. At last, the measuring position was located by ODTR. The experiment results show the performance of the system as follows：length of single mode fiber：5 km（ expandable ）, range of temperature measurement ： 0 - 90 ℃ （ expandable）, temperature error ： 〈 ＋ 5 ℃, location error ： 〈 15 m. Therefore the monitoring quality of oil pipelines and anti-stealing oil level may be improved effectively.