不同耕作措施下绿洲灌区冬小麦蒸发蒸腾特性及产量效应

Characteristics of winter wheat evapotranspiration and yield performance under different tillage practices in oasis-irrigated farmland

利用田间定位试验研究了绿洲灌区不同耕作措施下冬小麦蒸发蒸腾特性及产量表现。结果表明，免耕秸秆覆盖（NTS）及免耕立茬（NTSS）能提高冬小麦产量，降低土壤水分蒸发量（E），提高水分利用效率（WUE）。与传统耕作（TT）相比，NT（免耕）、NTS、NTSS与TIS（秸秆翻埋）的产量分别提高27．27％、30．60％、24．31％和18．58％。WUE顺序为NTS〉TIS〉NT〉NTSS〉TT。当裸露土壤水分过度蒸发耗损使0～10cm土壤含水量低于13％时，覆盖处理（NTS、NTSS）的E高于无覆盖处理（TT、TIS及NT），叶面蒸腾量也相对较高，植物生长状况较好。

Field experiments were conducted to study evapotranspiration and yield of winter wheat under different tillage practices in oasis-irrigated farmlands. The results show that zero-tillage with straw mulch （NTS） and zero-tillage with stubble remain （NTSS） decrease soil water evaporation, improve grain yield and water use efficiency （WUE） of winter-wheat, Grain yields of NT （zero-tillage） , NTSS, NTS, and TIS （zero-tillage and straw mulch） are 27.27% , 24.31% , 30.60% and 18.58% higher than that of TT （traditional tillage） , respectively. The order of WUE is NTS 〉 TIS 〉 NT 〉 NTSS 〉 TT, However, evaporation and transpiration under treatments with straw mulch （NTS and NTSS） are even higher than non-mulch treatments （TT, TIS and NT） , when soil water content in 0 - 10 cm soil layer is lower than 13% , leading to better crop growth. Daily regime of soil water evaporation and transpiration of winter wheat is significantly different under different tillage practices.