清代黄河河患加剧与通运转漕之关系探析

Studies on the Connections between the Flood of Yellow River and Dredging the Grand Canal to Transport Grains in Qing Dynasty

黄河河患一直是困扰整个清代的头等大事,至嘉道时期更是河患频仍,史学界通常认为此一时期的河患是吏治腐败的缩影,此论固然。但就清代黄河、淮河、运河的整体形势而言,清代河患的加剧,与有清一代通运转漕的治河主导思想密切相关。服务于疏通运河的治黄思想,致使清代强迫黄河南行,而蓄清敌黄等治黄战略具有天然的致命弱点,所有这些人为因素加大了黄河的治理难度,影响了黄河的治理效果。

The inundation of Yellow River that perplexed the imperial government was of primary importance during the whole Qing Dynasty. In Jiaqing and Daoguang periods the flood was even more frequent. The history academic circles usually hold that the inundation of Yellow River was the miniature reflection of political corruption. No doubt, this viewpoint is correct. But as far as the whole situation of Yellow River, Huaihe River and the Canal is concerned,the aggravation of floods was closely related to the dredging of Grand Canal to transport grain from the southern area to Beijing. The Yellow River was forced to flow along the south waterway because of the thought that harnessing the Yellow River should submit to the Canal's unblock. The strategy of harnessing Yellow River by using Huaihe's water store to wash away the silt of Yellow River had a serious innate weakness. All these factors added to the difficulties of bringing Yellow River under control and influenced the effect of harnessing Yellow River.