强化填料土地毛管渗滤系统处理生活污水的研究

Filling enhanced capillary seepage system for treatment of domestic wastewater

采用了能增加土地毛管渗滤系统水力渗透性能的煤渣及提高土壤通气性能的草炭,与土壤合并作为地下渗滤系统的填料进行污水处理,并采用了不同的填料装填方式,1#装置为土壤与草炭混合后与煤渣分层装填,2#装置为土壤、草炭、煤渣全混合后装填。研究结果表明,(1)生活污水经处理后,在10cm3/(cm2.d)水力负荷下运行时,1#装置对COD、氨氮、总氮、总磷的去除率分别为69.6%、96.3%、25.7%、89.5%,2#装置对COD、氨氮、总氮、总磷的去除率分别为74.5%、98.3%、22.8%、76.8%;在20cm3/(cm2.d)水力负荷下运行时,1#装置对COD、氨氮、总氮、总磷的去除率分别为71.0%、93.5%、29.7%、62.1%,2#装置对COD、氨氮、总氮、总磷的去除率分别为72.2%、94.2%、26.4%、59.8%;(2)依据《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918—2002)一级B排放标准,1#装置出水达标率高于2#装置;(3)水力负荷的升高对COD去除率变化不大,氨氮去除率略有下降,总氮去除率升高,总磷去除率下降较为明显。

The grass carbon and/or cinder, as the filling materials, were mixed with the soil to improve the hydraulic permeability of the soil capillary seepage system in treating domestic wastewater at different hydraulic loadings. No. 1 system was filled with layers of soil-grass carbon mixture and cinder, No. 2 system was filled with mixture of soil, grass carbon and cinder. Treating the wastewater at a hydraulic loading of 10 cm^3/（cm^2 · d） ,COD, N H4^＋-N, TN and TP of the feed were removed by 69.6%, 96.3%, 25.7% and 89.5%, respectively, in the No. 1 system, compared to 74. 5%, 98. 3%, 22. 8% and 76. 8% removed in the No. 2 system; at a higher loading of 20 cm^3/（cm^2 · d）, the comparable removal rates attained in No. 1 system were 71.0%, 93.5%, 29.7% and 62. 1% and in No. 2 system were 72.2%, 94.2%, 26.4% and 59.8%. The effluent of No. 1 system, which achieved first level B standard of GB 18918--2002, was well above No. 2 system. Adequate removal of COD was achieved in both systems and that the increasing hydraulic loading had only minor effects. The higher hydraulic loading resulted in lower removals of TP and NH4^＋ -N due to less residence time; however, it resulted in a higher TN removal.