基于李嘉图模型的“小国情形”再分析

A Reanalysis of "Small Country Case" in the Ricardian Model

传统理论认为在"小国情形"中,小国获得了全部的贸易得益;因此进一步认为小国应该实施零关税和自由贸易政策。基于李嘉图模型对小国和"小国情形"进行的再分析,可得出同传统观点不同的结论:首先,小国仅仅是"小国情形"的必要条件,而"小国情形"的均衡则不可能存在。其次,在小国存在的情况下,会观测到贸易条件和相应生产模式的多重均衡。只要小国和贸易伙伴通过设定互利的谈判规则,就可以通过双方的贸易协商来找到唯一的贸易条件均衡解,以提高双方的福利水平。

A small country will gain the total trade benefits in ＂Small Country Case＂ （SCC） according to the traditional theory. It follows that the optimal tariff rate d a small country should be zero and its optimal trade policy should be free-trade.This paper reanalyzes SCC in the Ricardian model and reaches a conclusion different from the traditional argument in the following respects： first, a small country is the necessary condition only for SCC whereas the equilibrium d SCC is unlikely to exist; secondly, multiple equilibriums with terms of trade and corresponding models of production win be ohserved in situations where small countries are involved; thirdly, as long as a small country can establish mutually beneficial rules for negotiation with its trade partners, it can find the only solution to equilibrium with terms d trade through bilateral trade negotiations so that the well-being d both countries can be enhanced.