“把”字句、“被”字句与致使力的传递

The Bǎ-Sentence,the Bèi-Sentence and Causative Transmission

"把"字句与"被"字句是两种表示致使义的句式,具有较强的一致性和对比性。文章引入"致使力的传递"这一概念,基于致使力传递的观察视角,提出"把"字句表示正向致使,"被"字句表示反向致使,并分析二者的异同。二者的共同点在于:致使的发生认知域,致使者的强施力性和被使者的强受力性,以及语义重心——被使者及其变化。二者的差异性在于:被使者的直接受影响性与间接受影响性,致使者的间接致果性与直接致果性,动态过程性与静态叙述性,致使力的非单一来源与单一来源。

The Ba-sentence and the Bei-sentence are two types of causative sentences, which have obvious quite strong quality of coherence and contrast. From the viewpoint of the causer and the causee, the Ba-sentence expresses positive-direction causative and the Bei- sentence expresses opposite-direction causative. The similarities between them are pointed out from certain aspects, i. e. the genetic cognitive domain, the intense execution of causer and the intense endurance of the causee, and semantic core. The differences between them consist in the direct or indirect endurance of the causee, indirect or direct action of the causer, dynamic process or static narration, and non-unique origin or unique origin.