柴油十六烷值改进剂(Ⅰ)——硝酸异辛酯的合成

Cetane Number Improvers in Diesel Fuel (Ⅰ) —— Synthesis of Isooctyl Nitrate

以硝酸和异辛醇为原料，硫酸为催化剂，氯仿为萃取剂，合成了柴油十六烷值改进剂———硝酸异辛酯。在实验条件下确定了最佳的合成条件：结果表明，硫酸与硝酸的摩尔比为２：１左右，硝酸与异辛醇的摩尔比为１．３：１左右，反应温度为４０～５０℃。在该条件下制得的硝酸异辛酯收率和纯度都比较高，并利用密度、折光率和红外光谱对产品进行物性和结构表征。此方法工艺简单，条件温和，安全可靠，耗能低，为工业化生产提供理论依据。

The synthesis of isooctyl nitrate is presented from nitric acid and 2-ethylhexanol with sulfuric acid as catalyst and chloroform as extraction agent. According to the experimental results, optimum conditions of synthesis of isooctyl nitrate were determined and developed. The result shows that the molar ratio of H2SO4 and HNO3, HNO3 and 2-ethylhexanol is 2:1 and 1.3:1, respectively. In the condition that both the yield and purity of isooctyl nitrate are very high, some physical properties and structure of the product have been characterized by density, refractive index and IR spectra. The method is simple, safe and reliable, and provides theortical basis for commerical production.