简谈“可分割”原子概念建立前的理论及实验背景

THE THEORITIAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BACKGROUND OF THE ESTABLISHMENT OF DIVIDABLE ATOM CENCEPT

原子概念作为一个古老的概念，在19世纪以前一直未能突破“不可分割”实体的局限，“可分割”原子概念来源于19世纪后期，是在光谱现象研究、阴极射线现象研究和放射性现象研究等基础上建立起来的，这些研究都体现了实验对物理学理论发展的重要作用，实验是理论发现的先导，理论的发展促进了实验手段和技术的改进和深入.

As an old concept, the atom was driceived as a soid indistributable unit before 19th centure. The concept of the dividsbe atom came from the theoritical studies and experiments on spectroscopy, cathoderays, radiactivity in the later of 19th centure. These studies fored the role of experiment for the development of theoretical physics. The experiment was the guide of theory and improvd by development of theory.