岐山县小麦连续四年获得丰产原因探析

Analysis of Higher Yield of Wheat in Successive Four Years in Qishan County of Shaanxi Province

对岐山县2004—2007年小麦生产资料进行分析,结果表明:建立小麦穗行圃、原种田,提纯复壮主栽品种,依据生态区域、品种类型、水肥条件合理布局,发挥良种增产潜能,是大面积丰产的策略;深翻改土,秸秆还田,增施肥料,培肥地力,涵养水源,是丰产的基础;测土配肥,节水灌溉,提高肥水利用率,是丰产的关键;推迟播期,合理密植,规格播种,培育壮苗,建立高产低耗的群体、产量结构,是丰产的核心;分类指导,科学调控,综合防治病虫草害,减轻灾害损失,是丰产的保证;降雨充沛,时空分布比较合理,光热资源充足,是丰产的保障.

By analyzing the materials about the wheat yield in Qishan County from 2004 to 2007,the result showed that main cultivars can be purified and rejuvenated by building head progeny row nurseries and stock seed plots.The strategies of high yield in large areas are as follows： to arrange a rational layout according to ecological areas,variety type as well as water and fertilizer conditions;to utilize the potentials to increase the yield of improved variety.The bases of high yields are to return straw into the field;to add fertilizer application;to increase soil fertility,water conservative.The keys of high yields are to distribute rational fertilization by soil testing,water-saving irrigation, improving the efficiency of fertilizer and soil water.The cores of high yields are postponing of the sowing time,rational close planting,specification sowing,sound seedling cultivation,establishing of the population and yield components with high-yield and low cost.The guarantees of high yields are classified guidance,scientific regulation,and integrated control of pests,diseases and weeds,reducing the disaster losses.Abundant rainfall,reasonable temporal-spatial distribution,abundant light and heat are also guarantees.