逻各斯、塞诺芬尼与宗教学的萌芽

Logos,Xenophanes and the Germination of Religion

从发生学上看,宗教学思想的产生所必须具备的条件是理性与信仰从神话思维中的分化。在西方,这种分化发生于古希腊,理性之形态表现为概念逻各斯。逻各斯与神话本来一体无分,使两者相互分离的原因,一是希腊宗教祭仪在城邦生活中的公开化所导致的宗教祛魅,二是较具个人性和神秘性的奥尔弗斯宗教对信仰的私密性的强化。另一方面,就最早对宗教进行理性辨析的哲学家塞诺芬尼来说,这种分离则是希腊宗教的能指与所指之间的逻辑上的错位所致。塞诺芬尼率先运用理性对宗教进行批判,在这个意义上可视为西方宗教学思想的萌芽。

From the perspective of genetics, it is only when reason and religion are separated from mythological thinking , does the religious reflection come into being. In the history of the West, this kind of separation took place in ancient Greece, the form of reason represented itself as the concept of logos. Logos and myth are originally one thing, there are two reasons why they were separated, one is the disenchantment of Greek cults in the publicity of the polis life, the other is the enforcement of mystery and secrecy in the Orpheus - cult prevalence. But according to Xenophanes, the first philosopher who made an analysis on religion, this kind of separation came out of the distortedness between what is Greek cults referring and what is refered by them. In this sense, Xenophanes＇rational critic on religion phenomena should be treated as a germination of the theory of religious research.