论责任保险中直接诉讼的法律适用

On the applicable law of direct action in the liability insurance

责任保险中的直接诉讼,是指对被保险人享有责任请求权的第三人,可以对保险人直接提起诉讼。从国外立法来看,已有一些国家赋予了第三人直接诉讼的权利,但是由于对第三人所采取的保护程度和责任保险的种类不同,直接诉讼的条件也存在差异,这就不可避免的会产生法律冲突。目前已有一些国家和国际条约对以非合同责任为标的的责任保险中的直接诉讼规定了法律适用规则,但对以合同责任为标的的责任保险中的直接诉讼规定法律适用的则极为罕见,这是一个很大缺陷。直接诉讼应适用可选择的连接点,以利于更充分保护第三人的合法权益。

Direct action in the liability insurance is that the third party has liability claims and can bring a direct litigation against the insurer. The third party is granted the right of direct action in certain countries, though conditions vary and liability types differ. So, legal conflicts occur. Moreover, international treaties stipulate the applicable law of direct action in the liability insurance for non-contract liability, but hardly stipulate that for contractual liability. Therefore, the paper argues for a more applicable law to connecting points for the sake of the third party.